The Free Rider Problem - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2003年5月21日 · This is a compelling application of the logic of collective action, an application of such grave import that we pass laws to regulate the behavior of individuals to force them to pollute less. The free rider problem gives rise to large explanatory …
The Free Rider Problem - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2003年5月21日 · 1. The Logic of Collective Action. The strategic structure of the logic of collective action is that of the n-prisoner's dilemma (Hardin 1971, 1982a). If n is 2 and the two members are able to coordinate on whether they act together, there can be no freerider unless one of the members is de facto altruistic.
The Logic of Action - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2009年3月31日 · In this article we provide a brief overview of the logic of action in philosophy, linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. The logic of action is the formal study of action in which formal languages are the main tool of analysis.
Methodological Individualism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2005年2月3日 · Methodological individualism became important, not as a way of avoiding the political thought-crime of “collectivism,” but rather as a way of avoiding demonstrably fallacious inferences about the dynamics of collective action.
Collective Intentionality - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2013年6月13日 · Collective intentionality is the power of minds to be jointly directed at objects, matters of fact, states of affairs, goals, or values. Collective intentionality comes in a variety of modes, including shared intention, joint attention, shared belief, collective acceptance, and collective emotion.
Shared Agency - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2010年12月13日 · Applying the point to collective action, to say that I intend for us to be dining together presumes that whether we’re dining together is something for me to settle. But the idea behind shared activity and intention is precisely that it’s not entirely up to me what we do.
Deontic Logic - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2006年2月7日 · Whereas in dynamic deontic logic, the deontic behavior of complex actions is governed by the underlying logic of actions (i.e., PDL), in deontic logics over Boolean action algebras, specific frame conditions are imposed to ensure that, e.g., “action \(\alpha\) is forbidden” entails that “doing \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) (say, simultaneously ...
The Logic of Action - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Notes to The Logic of Action. 1. The similarity between program logic and modal logic was suggested to Pratt by R. Moore; cf. Harel et al. 2000, p. 187. 2. To be fair, we must also mention that independently similar ideas were developed by Salwicki (1970) with Algorithmic Logic.
Hannah Arendt - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2006年7月27日 · Arendt’s participatory conception of citizenship provides the best starting point for addressing both the question of the constitution of collective identity and that concerning the conditions for the exercise of effective political agency.
Action - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2023年1月11日 · The first thesis is that the explanation of an action involves a “primary reason”: a belief and a desire pair that rationalizes the action by expressing the end pursued in the action (desire) and how the agent thought the action would accomplish this end (instrumental belief).