Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia in adults - UpToDate
2024年2月6日 · Bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli is a significant problem in both hospitalized and community-dwelling patients. These organisms pose serious therapeutic problems because of the increasing incidence of multidrug resistance [ 1 ].
Approach to Gram stain and culture results in the ... - UpToDate
2024年7月31日 · Gram staining of clinical specimens (including sterile and nonsterile body fluid specimens, biopsy specimens, and positive culture specimens) is useful for guiding empiric clinical management for bacterial infections pending definitive culture data and/or molecular data.
Gram negative rods - UpToDate
Principles of antimicrobial therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the eye, ear, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin and soft tissue infections.
Cephalosporins - UpToDate
2022年8月16日 · Cephalosporins are the largest group of beta-lactam antibiotics, cover a broad range of organisms, are generally well-tolerated, are easy to administer, and are thus frequently used. The classification, spectrum of activity, and pharmacology of …
Sputum cultures for the evaluation of bacterial pneumonia
2023年8月15日 · The value and limitations of sputum cultures in patients with suspected bacterial pneumonia as well as the clinical indications for obtaining sputum cultures in such patients will be reviewed here.
Anaerobic bacterial infections - UpToDate
2024年3月13日 · Anaerobic bacteria are the predominant cultivable and noncultivable bacteria in the human body and can be recovered from infections at virtually all anatomic sites, although the frequency of recovery is highly variable. This topic will focus on the microbiology, pathogenesis, sites of infection, diagnosis, and management of obligate anaerobic ...
Acinetobacter infection: Treatment and prevention - UpToDate
2023年11月8日 · Acinetobacter is a gram-negative coccobacillus that has emerged from an organism of questionable pathogenicity to an infectious agent of importance to hospitals worldwide . The organism has the ability to accumulate diverse mechanisms of resistance, leading to the emergence of strains that are resistant to all commercially available antibiotics ...
Vaginitis in adults: Initial evaluation - UpToDate
2023年11月6日 · Diagnostic criteria include presence of white vaginal discharge, pH between 3.5 and 4.5, Gram stain showing large numbers of lactobacilli, paucity of white blood cells, evidence of cytolysis (bare nuclei, shreds of cytoplasm), and most importantly exclusion of candidal infection by culture.
Gram-negative bacillary meningitis: Epidemiology, clinical
2020年5月6日 · Gram-negative bacilli are the fifth most common cause of meningitis in infants, accounting for 3.6 percent of cases . By contrast, gram-negative bacilli are an uncommon etiology of community-acquired meningitis in adults, but are a common cause of nosocomial meningitis, often occurring as a complication of head trauma and craniotomy [ 3 ].
Gram positive cocci - UpToDate
Infection due to coagulase-negative staphylococci: Epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis