An Introduction to Transfection, Transfection Protocol and …
2024年5月10日 · In 1928, Griffith proposed the “transforming principle” having observed that bacterial cells could take up foreign hereditary genetic material. 1 This led to the discovery of DNA as that genetic material, 2 a discovery that enabled great strides in science. In the 1960s, viruses were employed to transfer genetic material into animal cells in a controlled manner and it was …
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Principles and Applications
2024年1月24日 · The English chemist, Wollaston, was the first to observe dark lines in the solar spectrum that became known as Fraunhofer lines.In 1832, Brewster concluded that atomic vapors in the atmosphere absorbed some of the radiation from the Sun resulting in the detection of these lines. Bunsen and Kirchoff demonstrated soon after that each chemical element had a …
SEM vs TEM - Technology Networks
2024年1月24日 · Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) are the two most common types of electron microscopy. TEM and SEM differ in how they work and what types of images they are able to capture. This article will overview SEM and TEM, including what they are, how they work, and how they compare to one another.<br /><br />
B Cells, Memory B Cells and Plasma Cells: B Cell Activation ...
2024年3月19日 · B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are immune cells that drive the humoral adaptive immune response.They are one of three types of lymphocyte in the adaptive immune response – the others being T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. 1 B cells are distinguished by their ability to produce antibodies (known as immunoglobulins (Ig) when attached to B cells via …
Understanding Battery Types, Components and the Role of Battery ...
2024年5月30日 · Batteries are perhaps the most prevalent and oldest forms of energy storage technology in human history. 4 Nonetheless, it was not until 1749 that the term "battery" was coined by Benjamin Franklin to describe several capacitors (known as Leyden jars, after the town in which it was discovered), connected in series. The term "battery" was presumably chosen …
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Definition and Overview
2024年10月28日 · With these immense technological advances, the human genome project was completed in 2003. 9 In 2005, the first commercially available NGS platform, or second generation (2G) as it has become, was introduced, able to amplify millions of copies of a particular DNA fragment in a massively paralleled way in contrast to Sanger sequencing. 10 NGS vs Sanger …
An Introduction to Culturing Bacteria - Technology Networks
2024年1月24日 · Whichever medium is chosen, this may be in liquid form as a broth culture, or agar may be added to set the media and allow bacterial cells to be grown on a solid surface.. Culture broth. Culture in liquid media, also known as a broth culture, gives the bacteria present easy access to the available nutrients compared to static bacterial colonies.
NMR Spectroscopy Principles, Interpreting an NMR Spectrum and …
2024年2月22日 · Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a physicochemical technique used to obtain structural information about molecules. It is based on the physical phenomenon of magnetic resonance that was first demonstrated by Isidor I. Rabi in 1938.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, How It Works and Its Uses
2024年2月2日 · Agarose gel electrophoresis is a form of electrophoresis used for the separation of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) fragments based on their size. Negatively charged DNA/RNA migrates through the pores of an agarose gel towards the positively charged end of the gel when an electrical current is applied, with smaller fragments migrating faster.
Phagocytosis vs Pinocytosis: Definition and Function
2022年3月21日 · Examples of phagocytes and phagocytic cells. Phagocytes are a specialized group of cells that perform phagocytosis efficiently. This group includes immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes.Each type of phagocyte has a set of cell surface receptors that can initiate phagocytosis whenever they sense a target particle or pathogen.