Philip IV of Spain (8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the Planet King, was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip IV was a ...

Philip IV was in trouble. Spain’s far-flung empire, arguably the world’s most powerful, had seriously wobbled in the 1640s — and so had the king’s family life. When the bloody Thirty Years' War that ...