stent and intraureterocele fulguration. Their current procedure also includes endoscopic subureteral injection of tricalcium phosphate ceramic to mimimize postoperative vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
A number of procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), nephrostomy, stent placement, stone extraction and tumor ablation require fluoroscopy machine in the operating room. Due to the ...
Background and Aims: Technical limitations of conventional endoscopes and delivery systems frequently hamper palliative endoscopic placement of self-expandable metal stents for malignant small ...