Unfortunate timing The first panel of this artist's concept depicts how Uranus's magnetosphere – its protective bubble – was behaving before the 1986 flyby of NASA's Voyager 2. The second panel shows ...
But in the magnetosphere collisions between particles are rare, and scattering across the magnetic field is most effective when there are electromagnetic waves at frequencies of a few millihertz ...
An example effect is the bow shock created as the magnetosphere passes through the solar wind. Energetically charged particles affect polar ozone levels and have been linked to surface climate ...