Evolution is often depicted as a steady forward march from simple to complex forms. But new research shows that certain ferns ...

Stigma The top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains. During plant reproduction, pollen grains need to move to the stigma of a flower. This is called pollination.

But how did these immobile organisms manage to spread so far? One answer is pollination, or plant sexual reproduction. Pollinators—typically wind, water, and animals—carry pollen from one ...