Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

The PHI 5800 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) is equipped with a dual source anode (Al and Mg), a hemispherical analyzer for XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, including ...

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)is a highly sensitive technique for identifying and quantifying the chemical states of elements on the outermost surface of a solid. It is especially useful for ...

These Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) will permit determination of the photoelectron sheath density from ~0-2 m above the lunar surface, using ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a common surface analysis method because it can be used on a wide variety of materials and supplies valuable quantitative and chemical data. X-ray photoelectron ...

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most popular surface analysis methods because it can be used on a broad range of materials and it supplies highly useful chemical data on the ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...