KYOTO—Forty-six paintings by 16th-century artists Kano Eitoku and his father Shoei, all designated as national treasures, have returned to Jukoin temple here for the first time in five years.

They include “Chinese Lions,” which is painted on a folding screen by Kano Eitoku (1543-1590) and regarded as one of his most important works, and “The Mongol Invasion,” a picture scroll ...