After the onset of infestation it is very difficult to eradicate the emerald ash borer because it burrows deep into the bark. Brockman, C.F. 1986. Trees of North America: A Guide to Field ...

Damage called “flecking” by woodpeckers is when birds peck away tree bark to access the larvae underneath. It’s a common sign that ash trees are infested with the emerald ash borer ...